Unconventional Resources of Waters in Arab Homeland
The growth of water resources in the Arab
Homeland encounters obstacles of bad management, in both, supply and demand
that created several negative phenomena like waste in water and bad future planning
to cover the ever growing population demand and lack of the reliability of the
information that could the planning centers rely on to draw future plans on the
national level.
The growing conventional water resources in
the Arab homeland, due to its dry geographical location and situation and
limited rainfalls and the fact that most of its waters come from outside
sources.
The other option of developing water resources
is to resort to unconventional resources, which this study is dedicated to. In
spite of the high cost of this option, it is particularly used in countries
where there are no other options particularly the Gulf countries.
This study is composed of three chapters and
supplements:
Chapter one:
Consists of three parts. The first part is
about the demands on water in the world, showing the fresh water resources and
their distribution on the lands. Also the expected shortages to respond to the
growing demand by the growing populations. And another review of the salty
water resources in the world, their amounts and distribution on the seas and
oceans, their methods of benefiting from desalination to cover the expected
shortage of water in the world.
The second part: show the most important
methods of desalination of water in the world, with advantages and the
practical process and its efficiency of its uses in different places in the
world. In addition to discussing the different costs of its productions per
unit of water desalinated and the factors determining its uses.
While the third part has discussed the process
of desalination in the Arab homeland and the cost of each unit of desalinated
water from the
Chapter Two:
Is
formed of two parts: the first part is about the balance between the supply and
demand on water in the Arab homeland through a detailed ways of how to increase
the resources then details of how to decrease the demand on these resources.
Besides, discussing the official attempts to limit the waste of waters in the
main sectors (domestic, agriculture and industrials). And finally a review of
the practical methods for best guide of water uses in the Arab homeland.
The second part of chapter two is about
economical uses of water through many axes, vs.: ways of pricing of water unit
and its aims, the opinions of the international and regional about the pricing
of water. The international attempts to found banks and organizations
specialized in waters to charge the cost of waters from the consumers and the
additional cost of each water unit, conventional and unconventional (drinking,
irrigation and industrial). And finally, discussing the main obstacles in front
of pricing the irrigating waters and the economical costs of unconventional
water.
Chapter three:
Consists of two parts, the first, discusses
the management and the privatization of water resources through several axes:
management of supply and resources and the main ways to increase the supply,
the international bank and the water management, the theoretical basis of
privatization of water sector. Also, reviewing the advices from the
international organizations in relation to privatization of water and the
experiences of the developing countries with regard to water privatization. And
finally the attempts of the Arab attitudes towards the privatization of water
sector.
Part two: discusses educational and legal
aspects to limit the water wastages through several avenues: the role of
constitutional methods in water education, the role of legal methods in water
education, and the role of women, media, school programmers, home economy and
finally the role of the civil society in water education.
Also, the legal methods have been discussed
through the following: The legal amendment on water policy, limitation of
domestic water consumption, coordination between the state sectors and the
state support to the farmers by way of water rationing. And finally, this
summary.
The supplements:
The references which have been used for this
research work, plus the Arabic and foreign references and the quarterly and
other magazine and journals. And finally, a list of the studies published by
the author.
Title: Unconventional Resources of Waters in
Arab Homeland
Year:
2004.
Page:167.
Publishing: Talls-
Damascus, Alsaqi- London.